手把手教你学python-django开发入门略讲

By | 2014/05/18

版权所有,本文地址:http://www.androiddev.net/django-freshman/
操作系统:Ubuntu 12.04 stl
python环境:2.7.5
django版本:1.6.5

(一)、
打开终端,运行如下命令:

[code]
cd 桌面
django-admin.py startproject hiweb
cd hiweb
django-admin.py startapp hi
[/code]

然后我们开始编辑一下这个项目,运行如下命令

[code]
vim settings.py
[/code]

在TIME_ZONE=’America/Chicago’改为TIME_ZONE=’Asia/Shanghai’
将LANGUAGE_CODE=’en-us’改为LANGUAGE_CODE=’en-us’
然后在INSTALLED_APPS元组中添加’hi’
此时,运行如下命令:

[code]
cd hi
vim views.py
[/code]

views.py的代码如下:

[code lang=”python”]
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.templates import Context,loader

def frontpage(req):
return HttpResponse("<h1>Hello World</h1>")

[/code]

此时我们在执行如下命令,对urls.py进行编辑:

[code]
cd ..
vim urls.py
[/code]

代码如下:

[code lang=”python”]
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns(”,
# Examples:
# url(r’^$’, ‘FirstDjango.views.home’, name=’home’),
# url(r’^FirstDjango/’, include(‘FirstDjango.foo.urls’)),

# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
url(r’^admin/doc/’, include(‘django.contrib.admindocs.urls’)),

# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
url(r’^admin/’, include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r’^hi/frontpage/$’,’hi.view.frontpage’)
)
[/code]

此时访问http://localhost:8000/hi/frontpage就会出现一个 Hello World
那么,我们不能将所有的html代码写到python文件里,所以我们可以使用模板来处理,执行如下代码:

[code]
mkdir templates
touch templates/firstpage.html
vim templates/firstpage.html
[/code]

输入如下代码:

[code lang=”html”]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>{{ title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello world this is {{ user.say }} made in China</h1>
<li>{{ user.age }}</li>
<li>{{ user.gender }}</li>

<li>{{ book_list.0 }}</li>
<li>{{ book_list.1 }}</li>
<li>{{ book_list.2 }}</li>
<li>{{ book_list.3 }}</li>
{% for book in book_list %}
{{ forloop.revcounter }}<li>书本:{{ book }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>
[/code]

此时,我们再编辑views.py,代码如下:

[code lang=”python”]
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader,Context
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django import forms

class Person(object):
def __init__(self,name,age,gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender =gender

def say(self):
return "I’m"+self.name

class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField()

”’
def index(req):X
t = loader.get_template(‘index.html’)
c = Context({})
return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
”’

def index(req):
# user = {‘name’:’Karl’,’age’:’23’,’gender’:’male’}
user = Person(‘Carl’,20,’male’)
book_list = [‘python’,’java’,’php’,’web’];
return render_to_response(‘index.html’,{‘title’:’my page’,’user’:user,’book_list’:book_list})

def register(req):
if req.method == ‘POST’:
form = UserForm(req.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print form.cleaned_data
return HttpResponse(‘ok’)
else:
form = UserForm()
return render_to_response(‘register.html’,{‘form’:form})
[/code]

然后再来编辑一下urls.py代码如下:

[code lang=”python”]
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns(”,
# Examples:
# url(r’^$’, ‘FirstDjango.views.home’, name=’home’),
# url(r’^FirstDjango/’, include(‘FirstDjango.foo.urls’)),

# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
url(r’^admin/doc/’, include(‘django.contrib.admindocs.urls’)),

# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
url(r’^admin/’, include(admin.site.urls)),

url(r’^FirstDjangoApp/index/$’,’FirstDjangoApp.views.index’),

url(r’^FirstDjangoApp/register/$’,’FirstDjangoApp.views.register’),

url(r’^FirstDjangoApp/book/$’,’FirstDjangoApp.views.book’)
)

[/code]

此时,django中的几种模板传值的方法就解决了,接下来我们在看一个简单的form传值:
新建register.html

[code lang=”html”]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">
{{ form }}
<input type="submit" value="ok"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[/code]

这时访问register就可以看看form表单啦。

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